Comprehensive Guide to LED Displays: Key Components and Assembly Process
- An LED module is the fundamental building block of any LED display and consists of
- LED Bulbs or Diodes
- Small bulbs emit light.
- Each LED diode represents a pixel, and their density affects the resolution and clarity of the image on the LED display.
- SMD bulbs are referred to as 3-in-1 as red, green, and blue diodes are encapsulated into the bulbs that are attached to the PCB board. A protective epoxy resin covering is optional depending on the environment.
- COB process attaches chips directly to the PCB board and is overlaid with an epoxy resin covering.
- IC Drivers: Integrated circuits that control the brightness and color of the LED bulbs, ensuring synchronized and dynamic visuals. Decoders and resistors are built into the IC driver.
- LED Bulbs or Diodes
- Metal Oxide Semiconductors (MOS)
In LED displays, metal zinc oxide semiconductors are used as the electron transport layer, facilitating the movement of electrons from the cathode to the emissive layer within the LED structure, enhancing the device’s performance and light output. - Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)
- SMD 3-in-1 LED bulbs are accurately mounted on the PCB board by soldering.
- COB chips are also accurately mounted on the PCB board by soldering.
- The PCB is the core component in an LED display, connecting LED chips, drive circuits, and control chips through internal metal wires to form a complete circuit system.
- The PCB is critical for heat dissipation, especially as LED screens can generate a lot of heat.
- Assembly of the Module:
IC drivers, metal oxide semiconductors, and LED bulbs are attached to the PCB board, creating a module that forms the key part of the LED video display. - Components of the Hub Board
- Receiving cards are attached to the Hub Board.
- Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chips are inserted into the Hub Board. FPGAs are integrated circuits programmed after manufacturing to accelerate LED hardware.
- LED Panels or Cabinets
- Cabinet Frame: The frame holds the LED modules securely, protecting them from environmental and physical damage.
- Connection Points: The cabinet features numerous connection points for ease of assembly, allowing for the creation of any size wall.
- Connection of Frames: Cabinets must be attached to each other seamlessly.
- LED modules, power supplies, receiving cards, cables, and screws are assembled in cabinets for installation and protection. Cabinets can be installed on walls, and all cables, controllers, and power sources can be connected.
- Power Supply
- The power supply is crucial for maintaining the brightness and consistency of an LED display.
- Redundancy is often built into the LED frame by having a backup power supply to ensure continuity in critical applications like outdoor advertising and live events.
- Control System
The control system is the “brain” of the LED display, managing the content shown on the screen. It includes:- Sending Cards: Located in the control computer, sending cards transmit the video signal to the LED screen.
- Receiving Cards: Each cabinet contains receiving cards that decode the signal and control the display of the LED modules.
- Control Software: This software allows users to manage the content, brightness, color settings, and scheduling.
- Cabling and Connections
- Cables and connectors link all the components together, facilitating data and power transfer.
- Proper cable management is essential to maintain signal integrity and prevent power loss.
- Data cables and power cables are used to connect modules, cabinets, and control systems:
- Data cables inside the cabinet connect modules to the receiving card and the power supply to the module.
- Data and power cables outside the cabinet connect cabinets, control cards, and power sources.
- Each cabinet has power and data connectors for input and output.
- Assembly and Integration of LED Displays
- Modules are placed into the cabinet or panel frame, and all connections (power and data) are secured.
- Individual cabinets are linked together to form larger screens, connecting power supplies, receiving cards, and locking systems.
- Data and power cables are connected between cabinets and the central control system.
- The display is calibrated for brightness and color uniformity to ensure consistent visuals.
